The service life is about 20 years. A solar cell is a device that reacts to light and can convert light energy into electricity. There are various types of materials that can produce the photovoltaic effect, such as single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, and indium copper selenium. Their power generation principles are basically the same, and we are currently taking crystalline silicon as an example to illustrate the process of photovoltaic power generation. Phosphorus can be doped into P-type crystalline silicon to obtain N-type silicon, which forms a P-N junction.

        When light illuminates the surface of the solar cell, some of the photons are absorbed by the silicon material. The energy of the photon is transferred to the silicon atom, the electron transitions to a free electron, and gathers on both sides of the PN junction to form a potential difference. Under the action of this voltage, a current flows through the external circuit to generate a specific output power. The essence of this process is the process of converting photon energy into electrical energy.