Achieving the goal of carbon neutrality and building a new power system is highly forward-looking and groundbreaking strategic challenges and systems engineering. The core feature of the new power system is that new energy occupies a dominant position and becomes the main form of energy. Under this trend, random and fluctuating power sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power replace deterministic controllable power sources such as thermal power, which pose challenges for grid regulation and dispatch and flexible operation. The large-scale application of new energy-based, high-proportion power electronic equipment will bring about fundamental changes in the operating characteristics, safety control, and production mode of the power system.

For the current power industry, photovoltaic power generation and wind power are currently the two most mature, fastest-growing, and largest-scale power generation types in the global technology and economy, and they are the main sources of increase in new energy that can be expected.

The new power system can meet the growing demand of terminal power load, and help other industries to transfer carbon emissions through electric energy substitution. Compared with 2020, 600 billion kilowatt-hours of new electricity in 2025 will come from electricity substitution, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions from other industries by 290 million tons, accounting for 4.6% of their carbon emission reduction tasks. Compared with 2025, 550 billion kilowatt-hours of new electricity in 2030 comes from electricity substitution, reducing carbon dioxide emissions from other industries by 260 million tons, accounting for 4.1% of their carbon emission reduction tasks.